April 12
1991 - Nepalese Congress Party wins general elections
After Nepal experienced a wave of pro-democracy protests in early 1990, a new constitution providing for a multiparty system was adopted in 1990. On this date, the Nepalese Congress Party (NCP) won the countrys first democratic election in 32 years, and the partys general secretary, Girija Prasad Koirala, became prime minister. Koirala resigned in July 1994, and the king subsequently dissolved parliament and set new elections, in which the Communist Party of Nepal (United Marxist-Leninist), or CPN-UML, had won the majority of seats.
1988 - Martial law lifted in Bangladesh
On this date, Bangladesh President Hossein Mohammed Ershad lifted the Martial Law order that had been in place since November 1987. Despite this effort, opposition to Ershad and calls for his removal continued.
1973 - France recognizes North Vietnam
Full ties were restored between France and Vietnam on this date. Both Hanoi and Saigon gained full diplomatic status with France. Saigon had originally broken ties with the French in 1966 after De Gaulle made an international appeal for U.S. troops to withdraw from Vietnam.
1927 - Guomindang-led massacre in Shanghai, China
After being welcomed into the city of Shanghai as liberators, Chang Kaishek (Jiang Jieshi) mobilized the active underworld secret societies, the Green Gang, and his own Nationalist (Guomindang) forces to turn against organized labor and communists. The ensuing bloodbath virtually destroyed the newly formed Chinese Communist Party, which had recently joined forces with the Guomindang to form the Nationalist-CCP anti-imperialist alliance. What came to be known as the White Terror lasted until 1930, resulting in hundreds of thousands of deaths, and is considered to be the most brutal act of violence in 20th century revolutionary history. The CCP, the workers movement and the agricultural revolution were temporarily crushed as the Terror spread south. What was left of the CCP scattered and regrouped in the countryside.
1919 - Aman-i Afghan founded
The newspaper, Aman-i Afghan, was founded on this date. It became the semi-official organ of the Amanullah era (1919-29) and set out to "discuss every kind of scientific and political question and things of interest to the government and the nation." It is considered one of the most important examples of early 20th century Afghan journalism.
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